Bridges are of several types, some of which include beam bridges, arch bridges, cantilever bridges, suspension bridges, truss bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and tied arch bridges. Many bridges were built to last centuries. For instance, the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, which was opened in 1937, took a total of four years to build and is one of the most famous bridges in the world.
This article will go into details about the various parts of a bridge and how they function illustrated by 2 amazing custom diagrams.
In This Article
History of Bridges
人類始終需要一種快速的方式來跨越自然障礙，如水，山穀和崎嶇的地形等地，所以建築橋梁的概念已經存在，因為任何人都能記住。在古代，橋梁建築在梅索多塔島與人造材料開始。
起初，這些橋梁隻是用石頭，木材，汙垢等的石頭等天然材料製成，它們幾乎沒有覆蓋很長的距離，通常具有低於平均水平的結構完整性。然後，沒有迫擊炮，所以大多數建造的橋梁都很脆弱，雨很容易被摧毀。
Finally, with continuous innovation, ancient Rome engineers started to use ground-out volcanic rocks to make mortar. This was the first step to the great revolution in the bridge construction business, as this invention allowed ancient engineers to build bridges that were a lot more impressive, stronger, and bigger than had ever been seen in any civilization. It wasn’t long before all other parts of the world began to make similar bridges building powerful roads and connections to far-away places.
Today, you’ll find impressive and very high-quality bridges in every part of the world.
Main Parts of a Bridge
橋梁有三個主要部分，每個部件都有其他組件，它們包括：
Below you will find a detailed diagram that illustrates all the detailed components of a bridge.
The Foundation
樁
樁可以由幾種材料製成;它們的製造材料通常取決於地麵穩定性，土壤型，承載能力等其他考慮因素。通常，樁被奠定為向橋梁的初始基礎提供支持。樁確保施加在橋上的每個壓力或重量都均勻地傳播通過地麵。這使得橋梁更強大。
Caps
You’ll find the caps of a bridge right on top of the piles, which is the reason they are also sometimes called the pile cap. Caps provide the utmost strength to the upper part of the bridge. They also support the piles in transferring load and stress evenly through the ground. They are made of very heavy concrete so that they do the best job of providing support for the upper part of the bridge.
箱
箱is simply a name that describes piles and caps placed together. The foundation of every bridge is made up of multiple bents.
The Substructure
基台
這些是橋梁的靜止牆。通常用鋼筋混凝土構造，基台充當橋接橋的垂直支撐件，可以承受大量的水平力。
Piers
These are supports mounted at several spans on a bridge to support the structure from vibrations and other forces.
碼頭帽
This is the bearing part of a bridge pier; they are typically made from hard stone or concrete; their function is to spread concentrated loads equally through the area of the pier. Pier caps are sometimes called the headstock.
超級結構
Girders
這些主要來自混凝土或金屬。它們也有時被稱為梁，他們的工作是為橋的甲板提供一些支持。梁延伸到所有樁帽上，將所有的樁蓋在一起。根據橋梁的長度，梁可以是多跨或單跨度。與大多數橋的大多數其他部分一樣，梁也可以改善橋梁上的壓力和負載能力，即幫助將橋梁的所有壓力傳遞到橋梁的基礎上。
Bearings
橋梁軸承的工作是將任何壓力或載荷從甲板轉移到子結構。它們允許在橋梁的子結構和上層結構之間進行橫向和水平運動。橋梁建設中使用兩大類軸承;它們包括固定軸承和膨脹軸承。固定軸承允許有限的平移運動和旋轉運動，而膨脹軸承允許所有翻譯和旋轉運動。建築橋梁有幾種軸承，它們包括：罐軸承，盤軸承，搖杆和銷軸承，滑動軸承，彈性軸承，彎曲軸承和滾子軸承
桁架
桁架are made up of series of triangular components that serve to spread loads and bending moments all around the bridge. There are several types of trusses, some of which include cantilever trusses, simple trusses, and suspension trusses. Trusses are essentially load-bearing structures, and they are typically made up of several triangles, which could be metal or wooden. Trusses are triangular-shaped because it is impossible for a triangle to be distorted by stress, so trusses provide a steady form to support huge external loads over a great span.
Decks
甲板通常由金屬或混凝土製成。他們在每個橋梁上獲得直接的交通負荷;因此，他們是堅固的。橋上的甲板包含橋梁的排水係統，旅行路徑，人行道，路徑，接近板和擴展組件。
障礙
障礙are those safety and protection features that typically line the sides of the decks on every bridge. They can be made from several materials, some of which include ropes, concrete, rails, fences, or specially designed fixtures, ropes, rails, or fences.
拱門
你會在拱橋的每一塊末端找到基台。拱橋通常形狀像拱形。這些拱門通過將重量轉移到任一側的基台控製的水平推力中來幫助控製橋的負荷。拱橋以其強度而聞名。拱橋拱門有三種主要類型的拱門，它們包括三鉸鏈拱，雙鉸鏈拱和固定拱門。
