祖父時鍾, also called pendulum clocks, or longcase clocks, contribute greatly to the mood and mysticism of any room or hall. The contemporary versions of these clocks differ from previous models in that modern grandfather clocks neither include ancient clock elements nor need to be turned to display the correct time.
The idea of grandfather clocks invokes images of a towering, majestic oak clock in the corner, complete with a lengthy pendulum that is constantly vibrating.
雖然其名稱的起源未知，但爺爺時鍾通常被定義為具有長度超過1.5米的擺錘。這些時鍾的大多數時鍾在一小時結束時行程或鍾聲，而有些人可能會在半小時後響鈴或響鈴。
祖父時鍾在兩個主要類型的運動中運行，八天或一天。隻需要每周設置八天機製的祖父時鍾，而每天需要每天設置一天機製時鍾。
For over three centuries, these antique clocks were widely used and regarded as the most accurate timekeepers. The traditional workmanship and royal majesty of grandfather clocks have ensured that the clocks have remained widely popular, even after so many years.
In this article, we’ll go over the main parts of a grandfather clock and how it works – illustrated by a 3D diagram. You may also read theparts of a wall clockto under their differences.
在本文中
祖父時鍾如何工作？
The movements lie at the heart of each pendulum clock. The hour/minute hand’s striking, chiming, and subsequent timekeeping are all dictated by the pendulum’s movement. The weights and hanging pendulum are essential components of every mechanical clock’s mechanism.
The timekeeping is regulated and adjusted by the movement of the pendulum. Three weights may be used in a pendulum clock to operate the clock’s striking, and chiming. Each of the three weights is unique and must be placed correctly to ensure optimal operation.
A chain or wire suspends the weights from the escapement apparatus so that they work in line with the mechanism. The clock may stop working if the weights are not adjusted over 7 days. The lifting of the weights is achieved with the help of a crank. A series of hammering rods of different lengths produce striking and chiming sounds.
祖父時鍾的一部分
Each movement of a pendulum clock is due to the four fundamental internal elements that make it work. The escapement, gears, setting mechanism, and weight are all elements of the internal parts. Some external parts have been discussed below.
Escapement
The escapement was designed to ensure that the pendulum maintains a consistent swing. Clockmaker designed the擺,錨, and the擒縱輪子作為擒縱機構的三個組成部分。時鍾運動中的另一個齒輪的速度由擒縱輪決定。這種擒縱輪具有專門設計的牙齒。擺錘附接到錨，該錨杆閂鎖到擒縱輪的齒。
錨具有向上U形的U形，並具有兩個與擒縱輪的會議點。允許其中一個輪的牙齒橫穿擺錘的擺錘。由於此，時鍾的秒針連續移動。
The clock’s minute and hour hands move because of this basic principle, but the wheels that drive the minutes and hourly hands rotate after pendulum vibrations. As a result, the pendulum becomes a mechanism for releasing the potential energy stored in the weight.
Wheels / Gears
也稱為齒輪，在重量和擒縱機構之間安裝了幾輪，以便為便於操作而每天或每周實現所需的紡絲比。加權輪運動比相對邊緣之間的其他輪子相對較慢，使得能夠以穩定的速率下降和釋放能量。
雖然齒輪比的輪子很簡單，但要理解，請將每個車輪對準祖父時鍾臉部變得艱難。管狀軸通常用於進行時鍾手的操作 - 另一個內部以解決這個困難。而且，用管狀軸，組織齒輪持續工作可能是一個具有挑戰性的任務。
Gear Trains / Wheel Trains
來自主電源到重量的速度由齒輪係控製。時鍾的手連接到輪列車中的不同輪子的牙齒。結果，小時手移動比分鍾手慢。
Setting Mechanism
與齒輪連接的微小杠杆或卷繞器將齒輪拉出與他人的線路，以準確地配置祖父時鍾的工作。設置機製將時鍾帶到停止，允許其轉動並設置時間。
Pendulum
The pendulum gives the clock potential energy, allowing it to oscillate at a steady rate.
There is a small調整堅果擺下這有助於提高或減緩the clock speed if it is increasing or losing time.
Driving Weight and Main Spring
The clock’s power supply is provided by themainspring。這些主動作用可能是由一個轉動的滑輪driving weighton a cable. The power supply in several smartwatches and clocks is a metal string. This is sometimes referred to as spring winding since it preserves the mechanical power that is used to spin the clock’s movements.
重量repr投射能量損失ented by the unfolding of the string around the gear and consequent lowering of the weight. As a result, mechanical clocks should be reset regularly to replenish the stored energy of the weights.
Dial
The dial is the displayed face of the clock that records the revolutions of the escapement-driven gear train. In a nutshell, it uses spinning hands to show the time. A dial has numerals 1-12 on it in the most widely used displays. Subdials also display the date and lunar phases in certain clocks.
Chimes
The chimes are among the most notable and distinctive features that have helped to define the grandfather clock. A grandfather clock without a working chime is not regarded as authentic and genuine. A variety of wheels, pulleys, levers, and hammers will be required to make the chime operate properly.
Normally, chime sequences are sounded at the top of each hour, but quarter-hour chime sequences (the most renowned chimes sequences are Westminster quarters) were introduced to pendulum clocks in the twentieth century.
Origin of Grandfather Clocks
The sundial was man’s earliest timekeeping instrument. It was a device that measured the movement of a huge object’s shadow to calculate equal fractions of the day. A sundial is undoubtedly a useful tool for measuring time intervals, but because of the Earth’s eccentric orbital path, the time recorded by a sundial over a year might be less precise, and this left a lot of opportunity for advancement.
雖然日語可能是保持時間最受歡迎的工具，但它們不是唯一的工具。Clepsydra（水時鍾）和CLEPSAMMIA（沙漏）也是罕見的發明。通過允許水通過船隻的微小孔泄漏來工作。
使這些機械小工具用於測量時間的過程高度昂貴。此外，溫度，風速和血管內部的壓力波動都影響了時鍾操作的運動之間的時間間隔，導致時間不準確。
另一方麵，沙漏告訴確切的時間，但是當一顆沙子掉落並快速翻轉時，它需要很多注意力。
Fortunately, in 1658, because Robert Hooke developed the anchor escapement mechanism, the grandfather clock was born. The anchor system lowered the movement of the pendulum to 4°-6°, enabling makers of grandfather clocks to make use of longer pendulums with slower beats. The newer grandfather clocks used less energy, enabling clocks to function for longer periods than traditional sundials, hourglass, and water clocks. These were also more precise and produced minimal friction.
到1680年，來自英國的鍾表製造商，威廉克萊門特創造了第一個祖父時鍾。那年晚些時候，最著名的英國鍾表匠，托馬斯根本，也開始生產它們。祖父時鍾在英格蘭和亞洲和歐洲都流行。英格蘭祖父鍾的平均成本達到1680和1800之間，限製了對比較富裕的時鍾購買。然而，到1800年，薪水成長為下層階級的許多家庭能夠負擔祖父時鍾。
How to Take Care of a Grand Father Clock
Examine to see if your grandfather’s clock is balanced and steady. Ensure that the clock’s hands are neither contacting one other nor the dial of the clock. As the pendulum swings, ensure it doesn’t scratch or hit anything. Lastly, double-check that the suspension spring is not damaged and the pendulum is properly hanging.
The design and production of a grandfather or pendulum clock necessitate exceptional workmanship as well as a wealth of knowledge in physics and engineering. The concepts of energy and mechanics, along with the qualities of a pendulum that result in an accurate clock, remain an impressive feat.
另外，請注意，在商店中可能無法找到一些祖父時鍾組件repairing a grandfather clock，特別是時鍾可能會花費很多錢。為了保持每個祖父時鍾的誠信和耐用性，要好好照顧它們是很重要的。
