的Richardsonian Romanesque style architecture goes back as far as Medieval times in the Middle Ages. With its dominating churches and mansions, this style of building can be seen in both the US and Europe. The impressive style is closely associated with the Romanesque Revival architecture, which also dates back to Medieval times.
轉向Richardsonian的房屋是用意大利，西班牙語和法國的影響，因為這種建築風格最初出生在中世紀歐洲。羅馬式房屋被保留為富人。畢竟，你需要大量的錢來在磚石或磚塊中建造一個大型豪宅，所有這些都是精心製作木工的。
石頭必須被泥瓦匠雕刻，讓我們不要忘記建築物外觀上的中世紀裝飾和聖經雕塑。難怪這些房子現在主要是公共建築而不是私人住宅。
Want to know more about the fascinating history and characteristics ofRichardsonian Romanesque房屋? Then keep reading this article…
In This Article
Richardsonian Romansque建築是什麼？
的term Romanesque stems from the Romance language, which was first cited in 1715. It means fallen from Rome (referring to Roman architecture). Richardsonian refers to the name of the architect who designed this style.
Richardsonian Romanesque is a Medieval European style architecture characterized by semi-rounded arches. It is believed to have started between the 6th and 11th century. In the 12th century, the Gothic style followed the Romanesque architecture, with pointed arches as its hallmark.
的re are many Romanesque style houses found across the continents, thus making this style the first European architecture since ancient Roman architecture. In England, this style was originally known as the Norman architectural style.
的Romanesque style combines characteristics from the Byzantine and ancient Roman buildings. Defined by its huge, thick stone or brick walls, semi-circular arches, tall towers, barrel-shaped vaults, decorative arcades and strong pillars.
Each building has uniquely defined shapes, often with symmetrical designs. But when we compare this style to the dramatic Gothic structures, the overall appearance of Romanesque houses is actually somewhat simple and not as dramatic.
凸半圓拱,有趣stone or brickwork, the thick stone or brick walls, small windows and biblical sculptures at the entrance are the hallmark of the Romanesque buildings.
Many of the Romanesque structures across Europe and the US are popular tourist sites and part of the history of that city. The imposing architecture can be seen in churches, government buildings and art monuments, which have been around since Medieval Europe.
主導建築物被建造，以激發他們令人恐懼。今天的一些結構不再存在，但羅馬風格的最大幸存的建築是大教堂或教堂。
的se iconic buildings have either been restored or modified with a combination of different styles, but overall a large number has remained intact. This goes to show the timeless beauty of Richardsonian Romanesque architecture.
History of Richardsonian Romanesque Architecture
At the start of the 12th century, the dramatic and overpoweringRichardsonian Romanesque architecture開始發展，隨後，此後隨後遵循哥特式風格。在羅馬帝國崩潰後，暗年時期隨之而來的是在中世紀歐洲的基督教教堂建造基督教教堂。這是Richardsonian Romanque建築誕生的時候。這種風格從拜占庭，聖經和羅馬藝術中吸引了靈感，突出了耶穌通過教堂和城堡的出生和生活。
Richardsonian Romansque架構以亨利H Richardson為基礎的建築師而命名。這位建築師設計的最具知名的結構之一是美國波士頓的三位一體教堂。這個教堂的風格源於羅馬的古老建築。該設計最終開發出來，更多的建築師被繪製，因此羅馬式建築誕生了。
這座風格建築於1890年尤為突出。在波士頓的三位一體教堂之後，Richardson在羅馬式風格開發了他的想法和設計了許多城市住宅。
的Romanesque style structures required immense construction and materials, hence they were mainly reserved for public buildings, such as railway stations, courthouses, colleges, libraries, and government buildings. In fact, the mansions and townhouses that were designed in this style required huge construction so they could only be afforded by the rich.
的Romanesque style churches eventually dominated Medieval Europe in the 13th century. Some of the historic Gothic style structures were a direct replica of the Romanesque homes, but with more aesthetically pleasing, complicated and ornately designed features.
As a result, the Renaissance era began to emerge in France and Italy. Today, we can still see many Richardsonian Romanesque inspired houses in the UK and the US, which were designed by the inspired architects of the 19th and 20th century.
Richardsonian Romanesque特點
- 質樸，外部方形石頭
- Round-shaped towers or turrets with domed or conical roofs
- Extensively designed roofing systems
- Multiple stories
- Carved columns and pillars
- 低，寬闊的拱門
- Decorative masonry arches over deeply recessed windows
- 中世紀風格彩色玻璃和哥特式細節
- Asymmetrical facade
- 大於平均水平，石頭和/或磚結構，帶有裸露的未漆成表麵
- Oversized carvings with European motifs or animal figures
Asymmetrical Exterior
Richardsonian Romanesque Houses的外觀包括門口和窗戶的重型圓形拱門。牆壁是厚厚的磚石，有時磚塊或方形磚與塔和圓錐形屋頂。主要重點是在入口方麵的古典羅馬拱門上。
強加結構
的huge buildings are highlighted by their intimate architectural style to inspire the passersby. The round-shaped or octagonal towers are incredibly tall and the stone walls extend out with their thickness.
However, the imposing size of such buildings are contrasted by their small, stained glass windows that replicate church windows. This is the typical Romanesque art style usually seen on cathedrals and churches. You can also find multiple turrets surrounding the semi-circular towers.
Semi-Circular, Vaulted Arches
這種風格的另一個值得注意的特征是與之相似之處維多利亞時代和哥特式建築。這可以在眾多拱門和覆層中找到，這些拱形和潛水爐出現在半圓形桶拱頂中。
In the Gothic architecture, however, the preference is more towards the pointed or ribbed arches instead of rounded ones. But in both cases, the arches are held by sturdy pillars, which the idea stems from Roman times. These arches often appeared above doorways and windows in order to highlight the trim.
大膽的室內設計
的interiors of Richardsonian Romanesque houses are usually just as dramatic and imposing as the exteriors. The walls are typically covered with wallpaper and decorated with elaborate woodwork. There are numerous rooms on multiple floors. The rooms are larger and boast expensive furniture.
的panelled walls, huge fireplaces and large staircases are almost always seen in such homes. Dark oak flooring is most commonly seen in living rooms and dining rooms, and the formal living room decor is often as bold as the building’s exterior.
來自世界各地的Richardsonian Romansque建築的著名例子
法國穆薩克修道院
歸功於Membeth
This renowned abbey church in southern France is prized for its impressive Richardsonian Romanesque sculptures of biblical characters at its entrance. The church was founded by F. K. Clovis in 506.
Durham Cathedral, England
歸功於mattbuck
這座宏偉大教堂介於1093到1133年間，是英格蘭最偉大的羅馬森古跡之一。達勒姆大教堂憑借其哥特式細節，達爾姆大教堂還擁有諾曼建築元素，這些建築元素源於諾曼底在英國統治的Duchy。
比薩斜塔，意大利
歸功於番紅花火焰
Who hasn’t heard of the leaning tower of Pisa! This renowned, slanted structure in Italy is in fact a bell tower, which is typical of the Richardsonian Romanesque period. It took almost 2 centuries to build this tower, with work starting from 1173. The freestanding structure started tilting 5 years later.
芝加哥禮堂大廈，美國
歸功於維多利格裏加
As a tall building with heavy, impressive outer walls, this auditorium in Chicago is the city’s unique landmark. The Richardsonian Romanesque inspired design was once one of the largest and tallest buildings in the US that was built in 1889.
明尼阿波利斯市政廳，美國
歸功於McGhiever
優秀理查森羅馬式建築的最後一個例子是明尼阿波利斯的法院和市政廳。當該法院的建設於1900年初完成時，它成為世界上最大的閃亮時鍾，甚至比倫敦著名的大本鍾更廣泛。政府大樓如此龐大，它占據明尼阿波利斯的整個城市街區。
Buhl Mansion in Pennsylvania
歸功於Nyttend
This historic home was built in 1891 by the architect Charles Owsley and features 2 acres of land, sports grounds, golf courses and a lake. The mansion boasts heavy, round arches, stone finnials, and steep dormers with multiple turrets. Today, the mansion hosts weddings and functions as a bed and breakfast.
